Atom Coloring¶

This example shows how to highlight different molecule atom based on the set of functional groups and their activities. For example, we have functional groups with positive and negative activity and want to color molecule according to this activity. Activity for each atom can be expressed as a sum of activities of each group that atoms belongs to divided by the functional group size.

Atom coloring feature was introduced in the Indigo 1.1.11.

Note

not all the browsers support gradients in the SVG images that are used on this page

Functional groups highlighting¶

First, we can define an arbitrary set of functional group patterns and assign activity for each of them:

# Active fragment patterns
patterns = [
    ("C-O", +1.0),
    ("C=O", +2.0),
    ("C-N", -1.0),
    ("C-C-n", -1.0),
    ("C-C=C", +1.5),
    ("C-F", -1.0),
    ("*:*", +1.0), # aromatic bond
    ("C-[Cl]", -1.0),
    ("C-S-C", 1.0),
]

For a specified molecule one can fine all the embeddings of fragment patterns, and accumulate activity for each atom that was matched:

import collections

def getAtomsActivity (m):
    # Create substructure matcher for the specified molecule
    matcher = indigo.substructureMatcher(m)

    atom_values = collections.defaultdict(float)
    for pattern, value in patterns:
        # Load query molecules from the pattern
        query = indigo.loadQueryMolecule(pattern)

        # Iterate all the embeddings
        for match in matcher.iterateMatches(query):
            for qatom in query.iterateAtoms():
                # Map query atom to the target atom to find atom index
                atom = match.mapAtom(qatom)

                # Accumulate activity value for this atom
                atom_values[atom.index()] += value / query.countAtoms()

    return atom_values

The following code prints activity value for a given structure:

# Load structure
m = indigo.loadMolecule('CC1=C(Cl)C=CC2=C1NS(=O)S2')

activity = getAtomsActivity(m)

for index, value in activity.iteritems():
    print("Atom %d: %0.2f" % (index, value))

# Enable rendering of atom indices
indigo.setOption("render-atom-ids-visible", "true");

indigoRenderer.renderToFile(m, 'result.png')

../../_images/indigorenderer_9f8804e09c28a4040adf6394af3496e7a41d6dfd.svg

Output:

Atom 1: 1.00
Atom 2: 0.50
Atom 3: -0.50
Atom 4: 1.00
Atom 5: 1.00
Atom 6: 1.00
Atom 7: 0.50
Atom 8: -0.50

Let’s assign a color for each atom based on its activity: negative values are colored from blue to black, and positive values are colored from black to red. Indigo Renderer interprets data s-groups with a specified name as a color for the atoms.

def addColorSGroups (m, atom_values):
    # Color [min_value, max_value] by linear interpolation
    min_value = min(atom_values.itervalues())
    max_value = max(atom_values.itervalues())

    # Interpolate atom_values
    for atom_index, atom_value in atom_values.iteritems():
        if atom_value < 0:
            color = "0, 0, %f" % (atom_value / min_value)
        else:
            color = "%f, 0, 0" % (atom_value / max_value)

        # Add data s-group with color for this atom
        m.addDataSGroup([atom_index], [], "color", color)

    return min_value, max_value

Previous two methods can be wrapped into a single method that computes atom activities and colors molecule atoms according to these activities:

def assignColorGroups (m):
    atom_values = getAtomsActivity(m)

    # `atom_values` is a map between atoms and their activities
    # Color molecule atoms based on this activity
    min_value, max_value = addColorSGroups(m, atom_values)

    # pass bounds for further processing
    return min_value, max_value

For the visualizations below we are going to use the following options:

indigo.setOption("render-atom-color-property", "color")
indigo.setOption('render-coloring', False)
indigo.setOption('render-comment-font-size', 14.0)
indigo.setOption('render-bond-line-width', 2.0)

Wrapping all these method one can color and render an arbitrary molecule:

# Load structure
m = indigo.loadMolecule('[O-][N+](=O)C1=CN2CC3(CCN(CC3)C(=O)OCC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)OC2=N1')

assignColorGroups(m)

indigoRenderer.renderToFile(m, 'result.png')

../../_images/indigorenderer_bc73703f76a1d6a3ec77e0e3cf326a4d18f89ab9.svg

Color bar¶

Annotations, color bars, axis grid and other additional graphics are out of scope of Indigo Renderer module. But we can make a trick and render a color bar as tree connected pseudoatoms with a numeric label and with assigned colors. The following code adds a color bar atoms right to the molecule:

def addAtomColorbar(m, min_value, max_value):
    # Add "color bar" via atoms
    m.layout()
    x0, y0 = 0, 0
    if m.countAtoms() > 0:
        x0 = max(a.xyz()[0] for a in m.iterateAtoms())
        y0 = min(a.xyz()[1] for a in m.iterateAtoms())

    a1 = m.addAtom("%0.1f" % min_value)
    a1.setXYZ(x0 + 2.0, y0, 0)
    a2 = m.addAtom(" 0.0")
    a2.setXYZ(x0 + 2.0, y0 + (-min_value) * 2, 0)
    a3 = m.addAtom(" %0.1f" % max_value)
    a3.setXYZ(x0 + 2.0, y0 + (-min_value + max_value) * 2, 0)
    a1.addBond(a2, 1)
    a2.addBond(a3, 1)
    m.addDataSGroup([a1.index()], [], "color", "0, 0, 1")
    m.addDataSGroup([a3.index()], [], "color", "1, 0, 0")

Standalone color bar looks in the following way:

# Load structure
m = indigo.createMolecule()
addAtomColorbar(m, -2.0, 3.0)
indigoRenderer.renderToFile(m, 'result.png')

../../_images/indigorenderer_c4599ab8d315b7f9fac0e658a1c631a2ff537a68.svg

Overall example for a single molecule:

# Load structure CID=23081329
m = indigo.loadMolecule('CCN1C(SC(C)C(=O)NCC2=CC=C(F)C=C2)=NN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1OC')

min_value, max_value = assignColorGroups(m)
addAtomColorbar(m, min_value, max_value)

indigo.setOption('render-comment', "CID=23081329")
indigoRenderer.renderToFile(m, 'result.png')

Rendering a set of molecules in a grid¶

Atom coloring works not only for a single structure but for grid rendering too.

# Load structure
file = "data/pubchem-9-rand.smi"
array = indigo.createArray()
for m in indigo.iterateSmilesFile(file):
    min_value, max_value = assignColorGroups(m)
    addAtomColorbar(m, min_value, max_value)

    m.setProperty("grid-comment", "CID=%s" % m.name())
    array.arrayAdd(m)

indigo.setOption("render-bond-length", "14")
indigo.setOption("render-grid-title-font-size", "8")
indigo.setOption("render-grid-margins", "20, 10")
indigo.setOption("render-grid-title-offset", "5")

indigo.setOption("render-grid-title-property", "grid-comment")

indigoRenderer.renderGridToFile(array, None, 3, 'result.png')

Input: data/pubchem-9-rand.smi

../../_images/indigorenderer_4d1088f16de9fb363ef48aa35c0b366ef7d2e9a7.svg

Content of the file data/pubchem-9-rand.smi with 9 randomly selected molecules that is used in the example above:

O(C(CCC)=O)[C@]1(C(COC(CC)=O)=O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(CC[C@]4(C)C3C(C[C@@]21C)O)=O 51627
O=C1N(CCCN2CCOCC2)C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1CCN(C(CN2C(=O)OC3=CC=CC=C23)=O)CC1 44529597
ClC1C=CC(=CC=1S(NC(C)(C)C)(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(N1CCCCC1CC)=O 46791269
O=C(C1C=CN=CC=1)NC1C(C)(C)C2C=C(C3CCC(NN=3)=O)C=CC=2N=1 23052301
S(C1C=CC(=CC=1)F)C1C=C(C=CN=1)CN 43528886
O=C(C1CCCN1)NC(C(NC(C(NCC(=O)O)=O)CCC(N)=O)=O)CCC(=O)O 20011576
S(NCCC1C=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=1)(N1CCOCC1)(=O)=O 43234910
ClC1=CC=CC(=C1)N(C(C[C@H](C)C1C=CC=CC=1)=O)[C@@H](/C=C/CCC)C(NC1CCCCC1)=O 51736875
BrC1(C=CC=CC1)S(NC1C=CC(C)=CC=1)(=O)=O 504161